• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A pneumatic conveyor device (100... 105) for coupling to a container (2) for free-flowing material is disclosed, which has a jet pump (4) with at least one intake channel leading away from the container (2) and opening into the jet pump (4). 7) and a supply air channel (8) leading away from the container (2) and leading to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105). The at least one intake duct (7) and the at least one supply air duct (8) are oriented substantially identically in the area of the container (2) and are advantageously inclined at most by a maximum of 40 ° with respect to the vertical (z). In addition, a dosing system (110..112) with a container (2) and a coupled thereto pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) is specified. Furthermore, a use of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) or dosing system (110..112) in a sanding system of a rail vehicle (17) is specified.
    公开号:AT516916A2
    申请号:T50154/2015
    申请日:2015-02-26
    公开日:2016-09-15
    发明作者:Georg Dipl Ing Dr Krismanic；Albert Ing Schneider
    申请人:Knorr-Bremse Ges Mit Beschränkter Haftung；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a pneumatic conveyor device for coupling with a container for flowable goods, which has a contact surface which is intended for contact with the free-flowing material. In addition, the pneumatic conveying device comprises a jet pump with a mixing chamber, a pressurizable and opening into the mixing chamber motive nozzle and with at least one leading away from the contact surface and opening into the mixing chamber suction channel. Furthermore, the pneumatic conveyor comprises at least one leading away from the contact surface and opening to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor inlet air duct. The at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct form at least one intake opening and at least one supply air opening in the area of the contact area.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a dosing with a container for receiving free-flowing Guts and coupled to said container pneumatic conveyor means of the type mentioned, wherein the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor means points in an interior of the container.
    Moreover, the invention relates to an advantageous use of the pneumatic conveyor, in particular in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle, as well as a use of the dosing also in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle. Finally, the invention relates to a sanding plant or a spreader and a rail vehicle as such.
    In general, a pneumatic conveyor is used for the transport and portioning or dosing of free-flowing material, such as granules, sand or the like. Their field of application lies in industrial plants but also in sanding systems of rail vehicles, where they are used for dosing brake sand. The sand scattered in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle increases its traction during braking and starting.
    A pneumatic conveying device and a metering device of the above type, in particular in connection with a sanding system of a rail vehicle, are known in principle from the prior art. For example, EP 2 100 788 B1 discloses a pneumatic conveying device which comprises a cylindrical or tower-shaped housing which is arranged in the bottom region of a sand container. The housing comprises a plurality of radially distributed intake holes and a plurality of radially distributed Zuluftbohrungen. The housing protrudes from below into the sand container, so that said holes come to lie in the container.
    A disadvantage of the said conveyor, that there are "shadow areas" due to the design, from which the brake sand is not carried away. The container can thus not be completely emptied, which gradually settle in particular fine-grained fractions of the brake sand in the bottom area and clump there. As a result, more and more sand is stuck to the rough surfaces of the clumps, which ultimately clog the suction ports of the pneumatic conveyor.
    In particular, the problem occurs in multiple systems, in which several pneumatic conveyors protrude into the sand tank and thus there is a particularly strong intersections in which the brake sand can settle "good". In addition, there may be a relatively strong mutual influence of the pneumatic conveying devices, in particular when the suction openings are facing each other. When installing the conveyors in the sand tank special precautions must therefore be taken because of the cylindrical shape, so that they are installed in a desired location and not twisted. Another problem with multiple systems is that the pneumatic conveyors can not be installed at the lowest point of the sand container, which further favors unwanted deposits.
    In addition, the connections for the pressure lines and the transport lines may be inclined, which causes problems when connecting to the pipe network of the rail vehicle, or complicates the installation of the sanding system.
    Another disadvantage of the known conveyor is that the total height of the dosing is relatively large due to the mounting of the conveyor below the sand tank, which can lead to problems in the limited space of modern rail vehicles. In addition, a transport line to the wheels of the rail vehicle usually has to be guided horizontally at least in sections, which necessitates the use of a 90 ° bend or bow. The problem is that these due to the abrasive effect of the brake sand and the high air velocity in the transport line (due to a built-in pneumatic conveyor Laval nozzle can sometimes supersonic speed can be achieved!) Such a sheet, if it is not particularly reinforced, in relative scrubbed for a short time, resulting in a time-consuming and costly maintenance of the sanding plant, including the stoppage of the rail vehicle, entails.
    Due to the low-lying position of the pneumatic conveyor this can not or only inadequately protected against the weather, making it on the one hand prone to failure, on the other hand also has not too high life expectancy. In addition, the transport lines must usually have rising sections because of the low-lying position, in which the brake sand but can be transported only with difficulty.
    An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved pneumatic conveyor device, an improved dosing system, an improved sanding system and an improved rail vehicle. In particular, the above-mentioned problems should be avoided.
    The object of the invention is achieved with a pneumatic conveying device of the type mentioned above, in which the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct are oriented substantially the same in the region of the contact surface, the flow directions in the at least one intake duct and in at least one supply air duct during operation the pneumatic conveyor device are aligned antiparallel. In particular, a plurality of intake ducts and a plurality of supply air ducts are oriented substantially the same in the area of the contact surface.
    The object of the invention is further achieved with a use of the pneumatic conveyor device of the type mentioned for sucking the free-flowing material from said container, wherein the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct are inclined in the region of the contact surface by a maximum of 40 ° relative to the vertical.
    The object of the invention is also achieved with a dosing system comprising a container for receiving free-flowing Guts and a coupled with said container pneumatic conveyor means of the type mentioned, wherein the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor means points in an interior of the container.
    In addition, the object of the invention is achieved by using the pneumatic conveyor device of the type mentioned or a dosing system of the type mentioned in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, being provided as free-flowing good brake sand.
    Finally, the object of the invention is also achieved by a sanding system for a rail vehicle with a metering system of the type mentioned as well as by a rail vehicle with such a sanding system.
    Advantageously, the total height of the metering system is reduced by the proposed measures compared to the measures known from EP 2 100 788 B1, whereby the installation is simplified - for example in a rail vehicle. Due to the slightly elevated position of the pneumatic conveyor system, it can also be very well protected against the effects of the weather, whereby it is on the one hand less susceptible to interference, on the other hand, a comparatively high
    Life expectancy. Rising sections in transport lines can be largely avoided, whereby the transport line works better.
    In general, the term "substantially" in the context of the invention in particular means a deviation of +/- 10 ° for angle data or +/- 10% for other data. In a "substantially identical orientation" of the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct in the region of the contact surface can also be understood that each (space) angle a) between an intake and a supply air duct and / or b) between two Intake ducts and / or c) between two supply air ducts in the region of the contact surface is less than 30 °.
    The statement that the pneumatic conveyor device is "coupled" to the container means a direct connection of the pneumatic conveyor device to the container or an indirect, for example via an intermediate adapter. The statement that the contact surface of the pneumatic conveying device "points into an interior of the container" can therefore also mean, mutatis mutandis, that the contact surface "into an interior of an adapter" has. In general, the demarcation between container, adapter and pneumatic conveyor is arbitrary. In principle, the adapter can be regarded as an independent component, belonging to the container or belonging to the pneumatic conveyor.
    Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the description in conjunction with the figures. It is favorable if the contact surface is flat. This makes it possible to produce the pneumatic conveyor with simple technical means. But it is also favorable if the contact surface is curved concave or convex. As a result, the intake openings and the supply air openings are arranged slightly offset from each other in the depth, whereby the flow conditions in the container can be further optimized.
    It is particularly advantageous if the at least one supply air opening has a smaller cross-section than the at least one intake opening. Under unfavorable conditions, it can lead to a clogging of the transport line and thus to a reversal of the flow conditions. The pneumatic conveying device supplied compressed air can then no longer escape via the transport line, but is instead blown contrary to the intended direction of flow through the intake ducts in the container for the flowable Good and subsequently contrary to the planned flow direction through the supply air ducts. Taken material can result in blockage of Zuluftkanäle and thus to increased maintenance. If the supply air openings are made smaller than the intake opening, this disadvantageous effect can be avoided or at least reduced.
    It is advantageous if the pneumatic conveyor device has a plurality of intake ports arranged on the contact surface along a first straight line and a plurality of supply air ducts arranged on the contact surface along a second straight line parallel to the first straight line. In this context, it is also advantageous if the first straight line and the second straight line are aligned substantially horizontally when using the pneumatic conveyor device. As a result, the pneumatic conveyor on the one hand comparatively easy to produce, on the other hand, this also results in favorable flow conditions in the container. The free-flowing material is dug down by the supply air openings lying on a straight line, as it were "on a wide front" and transported to the suction openings. It is advantageous if the pneumatic sand conveyor device has a Laval nozzle downstream of the mixing chamber in the conveying direction of the flowable product. In this way, the flow rate in the transport line can be increased, possibly even at supersonic speed.
    It is advantageous if a jet direction of the motive nozzle is aligned horizontally or has a horizontal component. In this way, a horizontally guided transport line, as occurs especially in sanding systems of rail vehicles, directly, that is, without bow or manifold, are connected to the pneumatic conveyor. Defects and downtimes due to a frayed pipe bend can thus be avoided.
    It is also particularly advantageous if a straight section of the at least one intake duct beginning at the contact surface leads further away from the contact surface than a straight section of the at least one supply air duct starting at the contact surface. In this way, the motive nozzle and the subsequent pneumatic system is further away from the contact surface, or arranged in a different plane, as the supply air ducts. The design freedom in the orientation of the motive nozzle and as a result of the connection for the transport line is therefore particularly large, since there is little or no spatial overlap of the suction and the supply air or false air system. It is also favorable if a supply air opening closest to an intake opening is arranged above the said intake opening when the pneumatic conveying device is used. As a result, a discharge of the free-flowing material and a complete emptying of the container is supported because free-flowing material is blown with the help of the supply air / false air and gravity to the intake ports.
    It is also particularly advantageous if a straight section of the at least one intake duct beginning at the contact surface and a straight section of the at least one supply air duct beginning at the contact surface are inclined away from the pneumatic conveyor device in the direction of the container. In particular, a starting at the contact surface straight portion of the at least one intake passage and a beginning of the contact surface straight portion of the at least one supply air duct include an angle which opens away from the container towards the pneumatic conveying device towards. In particular, an axis of said straight portion of the intake duct and an axis of said straight portion of the supply air duct may have an intersection within the container. Through these measures, a removal of the free-flowing material from the container and its complete emptying favors further. This is because the air stream leaving the at least one supply air duct blows the free-flowing material toward the at least one intake opening. This is not the case with prior art arrangements. For example, the supply air openings in EP 2 100 788 B1 are tangential and thus not aligned with the intake openings, as a result of which the sand is blown away from the intake openings by the air flowing out of the supply air openings. In addition, it is favorable if the contact surface of the pneumatic conveying device is vertically aligned when using the same. As a result, deposits in the region of the intake and supply air openings are avoided. But it is also advantageous if the contact surface is inclined slightly inclined to the vertical and overhanging. In this way, deposits in the area of the intake and supply air openings can be prevented even better.
    Moreover, it is particularly advantageous if the pneumatic conveyor device is arranged entirely outside of said container. In this way, intersections are avoided in the interior of the container, that is, the container is inside largely smooth, since the pneumatic conveyor device does not protrude into the container. Therefore, there are no "shadow areas" from which the brake sand is not carried away, but it is possible to empty the container completely. Deposits and clumping of the free-flowing material and, consequently, long-term impending blockages of the intake openings can thus be avoided. It is also favorable if the container tapers towards the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device. Also, this promotes complete emptying of the container, thereby preventing deposits and the associated negative effects.
    It is also advantageous if the tapered part of the container is formed at least in the end by an adapter. As a result, pneumatic conveyors of different types and / or different numbers of pneumatic conveyors can be coupled to the container for the free-flowing material in a simple manner. In this context, it is also advantageous if a modular system has a metering system and at least two adapters of different types. It is also favorable if a dosing system has a plurality of pneumatic conveyor devices coupled to a container. As a result, the material sucked out of the container can be fed into different pipe systems, which in particular can be activated differently. Due to the proposed construction, the pneumatic conveyor means affect each other not or only slightly, and it is also possible to arrange all pneumatic conveyor devices at the lowest point of the container for the flowable good. As a result, the container can be completely emptied with virtually any of the pneumatic conveyor means. It is favorable in the above context further, if at least two pneumatic conveyor devices of different types. In this way, the way the pipe system to be supplied or a different need for delivery can be taken into account. In particular, the ports for the transport lines and / or the pressure lines may face in different directions, for example, to simplify the installation of the dosing into an existing pipe system and in particular to reduce the use of pipe bends as far as possible.
    It is advantageous if the distance between a suction opening and the nearest supply air opening is a maximum of 30 mm. Due to the spatial proximity of the Zuluftöffnungen and the suction of the discharged mass flow is virtually independent of the filling level in the sand tank. In addition, by the forming air flow also a removal of the brake sand and a complete emptying of the sand container favors.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this is based on the following
    Figures explained in more detail.
    In each case, in a highly simplified, schematic representation:
    1 shows a first schematically illustrated example of a metering system with a first type of pneumatic conveying device;
    2 shows a section through the pneumatic conveyor of Figure 1 in the bottom region of the container for the free-flowing material ..;
    Fig. 3 is a side view of the pneumatic conveyor of Fig. 2;
    Fig. 4 as in Figure 3, only without invisible shown air duct inside the pneumatic conveyor.
    5 is a side view of a pneumatic conveyor with horizontally aligned connection for a transport line.
    6 is a side view of a pneumatic conveyor with obliquely aligned connection for a transport line.
    7 shows a section through a further type of pneumatic conveying device with differently oriented intake ducts and supply air ducts;
    Fig. 8 is a side view of the pneumatic conveyor of Fig. 7;
    Fig. 9 shows another schematically illustrated example of a dosing with two pneumatic conveyors and
    10 shows a schematically illustrated example of a sanding installation in a rail vehicle.
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the variously described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or identical component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis transferred to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and to transmit mutatis mutandis to the new situation in a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the illustrated and described different embodiments may represent for themselves, inventive or inventive solutions.
    A first example of a pneumatic conveying device 101 will be explained with reference to Figures 1 to 3, wherein Fig. 1 is a schematic overview image, Fig. 2 is a detailed sectional view of coupled to a container 2 pneumatic conveyor 101 and Fig. 3 is a side view represents the pneumatic conveyor 101. The container 2 is provided for receiving free-flowing Guts. For better orientation, an xyz coordinate system is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, as well as in most of the following figures.
    The pneumatic conveyor device 101 comprises a contact surface 3, which is intended for contact with the free-flowing material, and a jet pump 4 with a mixing chamber 5, a pressurizable and opening into the mixing chamber 5 motive nozzle 6 and at least one of the contact surface 3 leading away and into the In addition, the pneumatic conveyor 101 comprises at least one leading away from the contact surface 3 and opening to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 supply air channel 8. In the concrete example shown, two intake ducts 7 and five supply air ducts 8 are provided. However, these numbers are purely illustrative, and it can also be a different number of intake ports 7 and air supply channels 8 may be provided (see Fig. 8). In principle, the intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 can have any desired cross section, but it is advantageous if these are designed as bores or with an oblong (oval) cross section.
    The intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 are oriented identically in the area of the contact surface 3, the flow directions in the intake ducts 7 and in the supply air ducts 8 being aligned in antiparallel during operation of the pneumatic conveyor apparatus 101. In addition, the intake ducts 7and and the supply air ducts 8 in the area of the contact surface 3 form at least intake openings 9 and supply air openings 10. In Fig. 3, the air guide in the interior of the pneumatic conveyor 101 is partially shown. However, part of the mixing chamber 5 and the motive nozzle 6 are not shown for the sake of clarity. With regard to the cutting guide for the illustration in FIG. 2, it should also be noted that both an intake passage 7 and a supply air passage 8 are shown lying in the sectional plane in order to facilitate the understanding of the function of the pneumatic conveying device 101.
    The pneumatic conveyor device 101 and the container 2 together form a metering system 111, wherein the coupling of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 to the container 2 in the concrete example shown via an optional adapter 121, which is thus also part of the dosing 111. In principle, however, the pneumatic conveyor device 101 can also be connected directly to container 2, or the adapter 121 can also be understood as part of the container 2.
    The function of the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is as follows, it being assumed that the container 2 is filled with free-flowing material: compressed air is blown into the pneumatic conveyor device 101 via a compressed-air connection 13. The pressure can be adjusted via the pressure adjustment screw 14 in this example. It is also conceivable, for example, the use of a pressure reducer. The compressed air then flows via the motive nozzle 6 into the mixing chamber 5, whereby free-flowing material is sucked out of the container 2 or the adapter 121 via the suction channels 7 due to the Venturi effect or the negative pressure forming in the mixing chamber 5 in a manner known per se. This material is conveyed down via a transport line 16 via an optional Laval nozzle 15, which increases the flow rate. Via the supply air ducts 8, a pressure equalization can take place, that is to say the air sucked through the intake ducts 7 flows via the supply air ducts 8. The flow direction of the air is indicated in FIG. 2 by arrows.
    From Fig. 2 it is now apparent that starting at the contact surface 3 straight portions of the intake ducts 7 further away from the contact surface 3 as starting at the contact surface 3 straight sections of Zuluftkanäle 8. Specifically, the said straight sections of Zuluftkanäle 8 only lead up to a distance a away from the contact surface 3, whereas the intake ducts 7 lead away from the contact surface 3 up to a distance b. This means that the motive nozzle 6 is arranged in a different plane than the supply air channels 8. In this advantageous variant of the pneumatic conveyor 101, the jet pump 4, the optional Laval nozzle 15 and the transport line 16 can be arranged practically in any spatial direction. In particular, this can be rotated about an axis normal to the contact surface 3 axis (see also Figures 5 and 6). As a result, the transport line 16 can be oriented practically in any desired direction and the pneumatic conveyor 101 can be easily adapted to various installation situations without a manifold or elbow being necessary in the transport line near the pneumatic conveyor 101, as is often the case with known solutions. As a result, a defect which is based on such an internally frayed pipe bend can be avoided.
    In the illustrated variant of the pneumatic conveyor 101, the axis of the motive nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 do not intersect each other. This is advantageous but not mandatory. It would of course also be conceivable that the axis of the motive nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 intersect each other.
    From Fig. 2 is further seen that the flat contact surface 3 is vertically aligned here. In this way, deposits in the region of the intake openings 9 and supply air openings 10 can be avoided. In principle, however, the contact surface 3 could also be inclined relative to the vertical, in particular overhanging to the right. In this way, deposits in the region of the intake openings 9 and supply air openings 10 can be avoided particularly well.
    In addition, it can be seen that the supply air openings 10 are arranged above the intake openings 9 in this advantageous embodiment. As a result, a discharge of the free-flowing Guts and a complete emptying of the container 2 and the adapter 121 is supported because free-flowing material is blown to the intake 9 with the help of the supply air / false air.
    In addition, it is advantageous if an inlet air opening 10 -as shown in FIG. 3 -is smaller in cross-section than a suction opening 9. In this way it is prevented that the flow conditions are reversed, as in the case of a blockage of the transport line 16 can happen, free-flowing material is blown into the supply air ducts 8. In this operating state, the compressed air blown in via the compressed air connection 13 can not be discharged via the transport line 16, as is actually provided, but is blown into the container 2 opposite the flow direction shown in FIG. 2 via the intake channels 7 and discharged via the supply air channels 8. Inappropriate design of the supply air ducts 8, these can clog, which in addition to the maintenance of the transport line 16, a maintenance of the pneumatic conveyor 101 pulls.
    It is also advantageous if a plurality of intake ports 9 of a plurality of intake ports 7 are arranged on the contact surface 3 along a first straight line A and several Zuluftöffnungen 10 more Zuluftkanäle 8 are arranged on the contact surface 3 along a parallel to the first straight line A second straight line B, as this is shown in FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, which corresponds to FIG. 3, but does not show the concealed air duct, even all intake openings 9 are arranged on a first straight line A and all supply air openings 10 are arranged on a second straight line B. The first straight line A and the second straight line B are aligned substantially horizontally. As a result, the production of the pneumatic conveyor can be simplified, without compromising the emptying of the container 2 would have to be made.
    A further feature of the advantageous embodiment of the pneumatic conveying device 101 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is that it is arranged entirely outside the container 2 or the adapter 121.
    This also favors a complete emptying of the container 2 and the adapter 121, and a deposition of free-flowing Guts, which can lead to clumping and clogging of the system in the worst case, is prevented.
    Another advantageous, the complete emptying favors, feature is that the container 2 to the contact surface 3 of the pneumatic conveyor device 1 tapers point, the tapered portion in the end of the container 2 - as shown - may also be formed by an adapter 121 , In particular, it is advantageous if the container 2 or the adapter 121, as shown, run asymmetrically towards the contact surface 3.
    5 now shows a side view of a pneumatic conveyor 102, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveyor 101. In contrast, the jet direction of the motive nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16, however, is aligned horizontally. Thus, the free-flowing material can also be removed horizontally, without the need for a bend or bow in the course of the same would have to be installed.
    Fig. 6 shows a side view of another pneumatic conveyor 103, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveyors 101 and 102. In contrast, the jet direction of the motive nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16 is aligned obliquely. That is, the jet direction of the blowing nozzle 6 has a horizontal component. Thus, the free-flowing material can be transported away in an oblique direction, without the need for a bend or bow in the course of the same would have to be installed.
    Figures 7 and 8 show a further advantageous design of a pneumatic conveyor 104, which is also very similar to the pneumatic conveyor 101 of Figures 1 to 4. It can be seen from FIG. 7 (and also from FIG. 2) that intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 are inclined in the area of the contact surface 3 with respect to the vertical z. In the concrete example, the supply air ducts 8 are inclined by the angle α and the intake ducts 7 by the angle α + β with respect to the vertical. That is, the supply air ducts 8 are inclined somewhat steeper than the suction ducts 7, which favors a complete emptying of the container 2, or the adapter 121, even further.
    In concrete terms, a straight section of a suction channel 7 beginning at the contact surface 3 and a straight section of a supply air channel 8 beginning at the contact surface 3 are inclined away from the pneumatic conveyor device 100..105 in the direction of the container 2. Specifically, the two mentioned straight sections include the angle β, which opens from the container 2 in the direction of the pneumatic conveyor means 104 out, and the axes of the two said straight sections have an intersection in the container 2 and in the adapter 121st
    In contrast, the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 shown in FIG. 2 are inclined by the same angle α + β with respect to the vertical, ie aligned in parallel with the projection on the xz plane. It should be noted, however, that the supply air ducts 8 in the pneumatic conveying device 101 of FIG. 2 may also be different and, in particular, more inclined than the intake ducts 7.
    With regard to the cutting guide for the illustration in FIG. 7, it should again be noted that both an intake passage 7 and a supply air passage 8 are shown lying in the sectional plane.
    It is now generally advantageous if each angle a) between an intake duct 7 and a supply air duct 8 and / or b) between two intake ducts 7 and / or c) between two supply air ducts 8 in the region of the contact surface 3 is less than 30 °. In this way, the intake ports 7 and the supply air channels 8 are aligned substantially parallel, and it forms an advantageous flow in the container 2 and in the adapter 121 from.
    The above-mentioned angle is to be understood as a solid angle. For example, the angle between two intake ports 7 in the xz plane is 0 °, whereas the angle in the yz plane is 2γ. In FIG. 8, the direction of the right intake channel 7 is shown. The solid angle between the intake ports 7 is therefore a maximum of 2γ. The supply air ducts 8 are assumed to be parallel in the example shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The solid angle between them is therefore 0 °. Between the middle intake duct 7 and a supply air duct 8, a solid angle β results, between a lateral intake duct 7 and a supply air duct 8 an angle composed of the angles β and γ. Advantageously, the mentioned solid angles (all) should be below 30 °.
    Due to the upwardly leading intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8, unintentional trickling out of the free-flowing material from the container is generally avoided. A separate potential threshold for the flowable good can therefore be avoided.
    In the pneumatic conveyor device 1 shown so far, the contact surface 3 is flat. This is not mandatory. In further variants, the contact surface 3 may also be concave (see the dotted line C in FIG. 7) or convexly curved (see the dotted line D). The curvature can be both cylindrical and spherical.
    Another difference between the pneumatic conveying device 104 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and the pneumatic conveying device 101 is that the supply air duct 8 is guided beyond the plane provided in FIG. 2. Although the straight sections of the supply air ducts 8 leading away from the contact surface 3 are still only up to the distance a, a manifold of the air supply system exceeds this distance a and is led to behind the mixing chamber 5. This restricts the design freedom in the location of the motive nozzle 6 somewhat, but since it is only a (single) channel penetrating the plane of the motive nozzle (that is, beyond the distance b), and not all Zuluftkanäle 8, the effects are manageable. Of course, said channel can of course be performed slightly differently, especially if it requires the position and location of the motive nozzle 6.
    Finally, the suction openings 9 and the supply air openings 10 in FIG. 8 are not arranged on two straight lines A and B but rather in an arc shape. For example, a variant would also be conceivable in which the intake openings 9 and supply air openings 10 are arranged alternately at the same height.
    FIG. 9 now shows a further embodiment variant of a dosing system 112, which is very similar to the dosing system 111 shown in FIG. In contrast, but not an adapter 121, but an adapter 122 is installed, are connected to the two pneumatic conveyor devices 101, 105. In this way, two different transport lines 16 can be used for the removal of the flowable Guts. In particular, the pneumatic conveying devices 101, 105 may have different designs and, for example, differently oriented motive nozzles 6 or transport lines 16 (compare FIGS. 3 to 6). Of course, the differences in design may also relate to other aspects, such as the arrangement of the intake and supply holes 10 (see FIGS. 3 and 8). With the aid of a plurality of adapters 121, 122, a modular system for dosing systems 111, 112 can also be constructed.
    In general, the presented pneumatic conveying device 101... 105 or dosing systems 111, 112 can be used in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle, with braking sand being provided as free-flowing material. For this purpose, a schematic example of a rail vehicle 17 is shown in FIG
    The sanding plant comprises a metering system 110, a compressor or compressor 18, two valves 19, a controller 20, and two downcomers 21. The compressor 18, which is often present anyway in a rail vehicle 17, is connected via compressed air lines to the two pneumatic conveyors 100 , wherein each conveyor 100 is preceded by a controllable valve 19. The controllable valves 19 are connected via control lines to the controller 20. The two transport lines 16 in turn lead to the two downpipes 21, which are arranged in the region of the wheels of the rail vehicle 17. In the specific example, the rail vehicle 17 includes a single sanding plant, in principle, of course, several sanding layers could be provided.
    When braking, the controller 20 causes an activation of the compressor 18 (unless the compressor 18 is already running) and opening one of the two valves 19. This brake sand is transported from the container 2 to the downpipe 21 and falls from there in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle 17th to increase traction when braking and when starting. Depending on the direction of travel of the rail vehicle 17, the left or right valve 19 is actuated.
    In general, an inclination angle of the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 with respect to the vertical of a maximum of 40 ° has been found for free-flowing goods in general and for brake sand in particular (see also the angles α or α + β in FIG. 7). As a result, an unwanted Flerausrieseln the free-flowing Guts / brake sand is avoided. Moreover, it is particularly advantageous for brake sand when the distance c between a suction opening 9 and the nearest inlet air opening 10 is at most 30 mm (see FIG. 4). This results in particularly advantageous flow conditions in the container 2 respectively in the adapter 121, 122 and in consequence a good emptying of the container. 2
    The exemplary embodiments show possible embodiment variants of a pneumatic conveying device 100... 105 according to the invention, a dosing system 111, 112 according to the invention or a sanding system according to the invention and a rail vehicle 17 according to the invention, it being noted at this point that the invention is not restricted to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather also various combinations of the individual variants are possible with each other and this possibility of variation due to the teaching of technical flanders by representational invention in the skill of those working in this technical field is the expert. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiments, of the scope of protection.
    In particular, it should be noted that although some of the embodiments are directed to an application of the pneumatic conveyor 100..105 or the metering system 111, 112 in a sanding system of a rail vehicle 17, the pneumatic conveyor 100..105 or the metering system 111, 112 of course can also be used in other technical fields, for example in industrial and / or chemical plants for conveying or dosing of substances to be processed.
    In particular, it is noted that the illustrated devices may in reality also comprise more or fewer components than shown.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the construction of the pneumatic conveying device 100... 105, the dosing system 111, 112 of the sanding system and of the rail vehicle 17, this or its components may be partially scaled and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.
    100. 105 Pneumatic conveyor 2 Container for free-flowing material 3 Contact surface 4 Jet pump 5 Mixing chamber 6 Heater nozzle 7 Suction channel 8 Supply air channel / Suction air channel 9 Suction opening 10 Supply air opening 110 .. 112 Dosing system 121.122 Adapter 13 Compressed air connection 14 Pressure adjustment screw 15 Laval nozzle 16 Transport line 17 Rail vehicle 18 Compressor / Compressor 19 Valve 20 Control 21 Downpipe a Distance supply air duct / contact surface b Distance between intake duct / contact surface c Distance between intake opening / supply air opening x, y, z Room directions A Straight for intake openings B Straight for supply air openings C Concave contact surface D Convex contact surface α Inclination angle Supply air channel ß Angle Intake duct / supply air duct Y tilt angle intake duct
    权利要求:
    Claims (24)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) for coupling to a container (2) for free-flowing material, comprising a contact surface (3) which is intended for contact with the free-flowing material, a jet pump (4) with a mixing chamber (5) , a pressurizing drum (6) opening into the mixing chamber (5) and having at least one intake duct (7) leading away from the contact surface (3) and opening into the mixing chamber (5), and at least one from the contact surface (3) leading away and to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) opening outgoing air duct (8), wherein the at least one intake duct (7) and the at least one supply air duct (8) in the region of the contact surface (3) at least one suction opening (9) and form at least one supply air opening (10), characterized in that the at least one intake duct (7) and the at least one supply air duct (8) in the region of the contact surface (3) are oriented substantially the same, wherein the directions of flow in the at least one intake duct (7) and in the at least one supply air duct (8) during operation of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) are aligned antiparallel.
    [2]
    2. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 1, characterized in that each angle a) between an intake duct (7) and a supply air duct (8) and / or b) between two intake ducts (7) and / or c) between two supply air ducts (8) in the region of the contact surface (3) is less than 30 °.
    [3]
    3. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contact surface (3) is flat.
    [4]
    4. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contact surface (3) is concave or convex curved.
    [5]
    5. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one supply air opening (10) is smaller in cross-section than the at least one suction opening (9).
    [6]
    6. pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a plurality on the contact surface (3) along a first straight line (A) arranged suction openings (9) of a plurality of intake ducts (7) and more on the contact surface ( 3) along a first straight line (A) parallel to the second straight line (B) arranged inlet air openings (10) of several supply air ducts (8).
    [7]
    7. Pneumatic sand conveyor device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by one of the mixing chamber (5) downstream in the conveying direction of the flowable Guts Laval nozzle (15).
    [8]
    8. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a jet direction of the motive nozzle (6) is aligned horizontally or has a horizontal component.
    [9]
    9. pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on the contact surface (3) beginning straight portion of the at least one intake duct (7) further away from the contact surface (3) leads away as a the contact surface (3) beginning straight section of the at least one supply air duct (8).
    [10]
    10. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on the contact surface (3) beginning straight portion of the at least one intake duct (7) and on the contact surface (3) beginning straight section of the at least one supply air duct (8) of the pneumatic conveyor means (100..105) in the direction of the container (2) are inclined towards each other. 11. Use of the pneumatic conveying device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 10 for sucking off the free-flowing material from said container (2), characterized in that the at least one intake duct (7) and the at least one supply air duct (8) in Area of the contact surface (3) by a maximum of 40 ° relative to the vertical (z) are inclined.
    [12]
    12. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that one of a suction opening (9) nearest supply air opening (10) is arranged above said suction opening (9).
    [13]
    13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) is aligned vertically according to claim 3.
    [14]
    14. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the first straight line (A) and the second straight line (B) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 6 are aligned substantially horizontally.
    [15]
    15. dosing system (110..112), comprising a container (2) for receiving free-flowing Guts, characterized by a with said container (2) coupled pneumatic conveyor means (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the Contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) in an interior of the container (2) has.
    [16]
    16. dosing system (110..112) according to claim 15, characterized in that the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) is arranged entirely outside of said container (2).
    [17]
    17. dosing (110..112) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the container (2) to the contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) tapers towards point.
    [18]
    18. dosing system (110..112) according to claim 17, characterized in that the pointed part is formed at least in the end region by an adapter (121, 122).
    [19]
    19. Dosing system (110..112) according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized by a plurality of a container (2) connected to pneumatic conveyor means (101,102).
    [20]
    20. dosing system (110.112) according to claim 19, characterized in that at least two pneumatic conveyor means (101, 102) of different design.
    [21]
    21. Modular system comprising a dosing (110..112) according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized by at least two adapters (121, 122) of different types.
    [22]
    22. Use of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 10 or a dosing (110..112) according to one of claims 15 to 20 in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle (17), characterized in that as free-flowing Good brake sand is provided.
    [23]
    23. Sanding installation for a rail vehicle (17), characterized by a metering system (110..112) according to one of claims 15 to 20.
    [24]
    24. Sandungsanlage according to claim 23, characterized in that the distance (c) between a suction port (9) and the nearest inlet opening (10) is a maximum of 30 mm.
    [25]
    25. Rail vehicle (17), characterized by a sanding system according to one of claims 23 to 24.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    PL3261894T3|2021-09-27|
    US20180072329A1|2018-03-15|
    EP3261894A1|2018-01-03|
    CN107406084A|2017-11-28|
    AT516916B1|2021-05-15|
    CA2977677A1|2016-09-01|
    CA2977677C|2019-12-17|
    EP3261894B1|2021-04-07|
    US10745033B2|2020-08-18|
    ES2876035T3|2021-11-11|
    WO2016134397A1|2016-09-01|
    CN107406084B|2019-12-17|
    AT516916A3|2017-02-15|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50154/2015A|AT516916B1|2015-02-26|2015-02-26|Dosing system for a sanding system of a rail vehicle|ATA50154/2015A| AT516916B1|2015-02-26|2015-02-26|Dosing system for a sanding system of a rail vehicle|
    PL16720315T| PL3261894T3|2015-02-26|2016-02-24|Pneumatic pump device and metering system and sanding system, comprising a jet pump for flowable material|
    US15/553,802| US10745033B2|2015-02-26|2016-02-24|Pneumatic pump device and metering system and sanding system, comprising a jet pump for flowable material|
    PCT/AT2016/050042| WO2016134397A1|2015-02-26|2016-02-24|Pneumatic pump device and metering system and sanding system, comprising a jet pump for flowable material|
    EP16720315.7A| EP3261894B1|2015-02-26|2016-02-24|Pneumatic pump device and metering system and sanding system, comprising a jet pump for flowable material|
    CN201680017945.1A| CN107406084B|2015-02-26|2016-02-24|Pneumatic conveying device and metering device with injection pump for flowable material and sanding device|
    CA2977677A| CA2977677C|2015-02-26|2016-02-24|Pneumatic pump device and metering system and sanding system, comprising a jet pump for flowable material|
    ES16720315T| ES2876035T3|2015-02-26|2016-02-24|Pneumatic conveyor equipment and dosing facility, as well as sanding facility with an ejector pump for granulated material|
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